TRENDS AND DETERMINANTS OF SEX RATIO AT BIRTH IN NORTHERN AND WESTERN STATES OF INDIA FROM AN SDG 3 PERSPECTIVE
 https://doi.org/10.65725/RPSET/1/3/005

JOURNAL OF RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE, EDUCATION AND TECHNOLOGY (RPSET)
Volume 1 Issue 3, July – September 2026

Abstract:
“The neglect of girl children is one of the greatest failures of our societies.”
Amartya Sen- Nobel Prize in Economist.

The Child Sex Ratio (CSR) is an important demographic indicator reflecting the social status of the girl child and the level of gender equality in a society. In recent decades, India has experienced noticeable changes in the child sex ratio, raising concerns about gender imbalance and discrimination against female children. This paper examines the trends and determinants of child sex ratio in India during the period 2001–2021. The study relies mainly on secondary data obtained from the Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, National Family Health Survey, and Sample Registration System reports. Statistical tools such as percentage analysis, trend analysis, and correlation techniques are used to understand the relationship between socio-economic variables and child sex ratio. The findings indicate that factors such as female literacy, urbanization, and health awareness significantly influence the child sex ratio. The paper concludes by suggesting policy measures aimed at improving gender equality and ensuring the survival and well-being of girl children.

Authors: P. Rajesh Kannan

Keywords: Child Sex Ratio, IMR, MMR and U5MR.