DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION IN INDIA: AN ANALYSIS OF VITAL STATISTICS TRENDS WITH SPECIAL FOCUS ON EAG STATES AND THE NORTH EASTERN REGION (NER).
https://doi.org/10.65725/JCMCE/2/3/009
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY TRENDS IN MANAGEMENT, COMMERCE AND ECONOMICS (JCMCE)
ISSN: 3108-3501
Volume 2 Issue 3, July -September 2026
Abstract:
Vital statistics from the Civil Registration System (CRS), Sample Registration System (SRS), and National Family Health Survey (NFHS) are essential for evidence-based public health and demographic planning. These systems provide reliable data on key indicators such as Infant Mortality Rate (IMR), Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR), Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR), fertility, literacy, population density, migration, and causes of death. Amid ongoing demographic transition—marked by declining fertility and mortality and shifting population structures—these indicators are vital for understanding epidemiological changes and population dynamics.
Health planners, researchers, and national and international agencies, including the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Ministry of Women and Child Development, NITI Aayog, World Bank, UNICEF, UNESCO, and WHO, rely on this data to design, implement, and monitor programs addressing maternal and child health, nutrition, gender equality, and disease control.
Vital statistics also play a crucial role in tracking progress toward global development frameworks such as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), while supporting India’s long-term vision of Viksit Bharat 2047. Strengthening CRS, SRS, and NFHS systems ensures accurate, complete, and timely reporting, enabling effective monitoring of demographic indicators, identification of public health priorities, and evidence-based policy formulation.
In summary, robust vital statistics are idispensable for managing demographic transitions, guiding health interventions, and advancing sustainable development, thereby maximizing the benefits of India’s demographic dividend.
Authors: P. Rajesh Kannan
Keywords: Birth rate, Death Rate, Life expectancy & Sex ratio at Birth.